Hippies or Hippy’s depending on how you wish to spell it was a countercultural movement. They were primarily against the excesses of middle-class America. Their choice of clothing was different and they lived in a lot of communal settings. Drugs such as LSD and marijuana were used as a means of expanding their consciousness. Sometimes they were called flower children. They were primarily dropouts from mainstream society. They wore their hair long, men wore beards and all wore beads with sandals. The movement started out on college campuses and spread out from there. The youth of America at that time were in rebellion against what they considered to be the grown-up establishment, their excesses and the war in Vietnam. Their motto was “make love not war.” Open sexual relationships and multiple partners was encouraged and accepted. Mainstream American religion was not embraced but the mystical religious beliefs of the East were accepted and practiced. I personally experienced the movement while I was stationed at Fort Ord, California. They demonstrated at the front gate there numerous times. I attended some of their public gatherings held in Monterrey, California at the city park in 1972. It was quite an experience for a young man from Oklahoma. The Hippie movements spread rather fast across America as more and more of the country’s youth wished to be a part of it. Seems almost everyone wanted to rebel against something then whether it was clothing, hair, etc. The enculturation of the youth in America started on college campuses, spread from there across America and into some countries of Europe.
The Goth subculture is a contemporary subculture found in many countries. It began in England during the early 1980’s. Goth subculture has lived longer than most subcultures. It was very poplar when I was in school many of my friends thought it was the rage. The goth subculture has associated tastes in music, aesthetics, and fashion. Goths have a tendency towards a lugubrious, mystical sound and outlook. Styles within the subculture range from deathrock to punk, androgynous, medieval. Some Renaissance and Victorian style clothes, or combinations of the above, most often with black attire, makeup and hair as well as chains and piercings. Goths, in terms of their people in the subculture, are usually not supportive of violence, but rather tolerance. Many in the media have incorrectly associated the Goth subculture with violence, hatred of minorities, white supremacy, and other acts of hate. However, violence and hate do not form elements of goth ideology; rather, the ideology is formed in part by recognition, identification, and grief over societal and personal evils that the mainstream culture wishes to ignore or forget. Goths share generally an apolitical nature. Unlike the hippie or punk movements, the goth subculture has no pronounced political messages or cries for social activism. The subculture is marked by its emphasis on individualism, tolerance for diversity, a strong emphasis on creativity, tendency toward intellectualism, a dislike of social conservatism, and a mild tendency towards cynicism, but even these ideas are not universal to all goths. Goth ideology is based far more on aesthetics than ethics or politics.
Greasers were a subculture that originated in the 1950’s after World War II. The previous era before World War 2 was defined by conformity. Social identity was determined by what kind of house a person owned, what kind of car they drove, or what church they went to. The children of this generation grew weary of the conformity and sameness of the previous one, so they rebelled by forming a counter culture that developed its own style of music and dress code.. Greasers listened to rock and roll, wore leather jackets worn by pilots in World War II, white tee shirts, and combed their hair back by using hair wax, gel, or pomade. Famous musicians and popular icons in this subculture were Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Richie Valens, Marlon Brando and James Dean. The motorcycle outlaw image originated from the 1947 Hollister Riot in July of 1947. 4,000 motorcyclists gathered in Hollister, California to watch motorcycle races. Several motorcyclists were arrested due to being disorderly and they were arrested. Stories that were greatly exaggerated sprang up around the event, and subsequently motorcycles became popular as a direct result of the legends. Movies and television shows that portrayed the greaser icon were Rebel Without a Cause, Grease, and Happy Days.
The Emo subculture came from the music style of hardcore punk rock. It is short for "emotional" and has lyrics that are dark and confessional in nature. It was very popular when I was in middle and high school. Emo music has been accused of glamorizing depression, self injury, and suicide. It has been blamed for the self injury of many teenagers and also for the suicide of a teenage girl who was a fan of the band My Chemical Romance. The "emo kids", as we called them, were usually introverted and sensitive kids who kept to their own groups. The style of dress included tight fitting jeans, usually black or bright colors, and t-shirts. The boys often wore girl jeans so they would be tighter. They dyed their hair black, white, or other bright colors. Studded belts and bracelets were also a part of this style. Emo music began to decrease in popularity in the late 2000s. Many band disbanded. Other bands went back to their roots of punk rock.
Bronies, a group of men ranging from the age of 18-35, have recently developed since the making of the show My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic. These men are fans of this children’s show, and they appreciate the deeper meaning of all the characters and the story lines. This subculture interests me because it is not every day that you find grown men sharing many interests with 4-10 year old girls. Perhaps they found an interest there because they enjoyed cartoons as a child and found something within the show that reminded them of how much they appreciated their imagination as a child. This fandom base may be built on the appreciation of horses in their early childhood, since the show is based on a group of ponies it makes since that, that could be part of the attraction to the group. Also, these Bronies may see something in the friendships between the characters in the show that reminds them of friendships they have had or currently have which would pull them into this very small and particular subculture.
There are many ways enculturation has affected the desire to be a part of the LGBT subculture. I can only address from the area that I have ministered in. The ministry I was involved in had an anonymous place to receive ministry if you had unwanted same sex attractions. The percentage of those with unwanted same sex attraction that had been awakened sexually at a young age by pornography, molestation or rape is high. There have been significant findings that childhood sexual experience predicted adult behavior. It’s difficult to address this area in the church. It can be equally difficult to discuss in families where the abuser is usually know or has given a threat to keep the secret. Most homosexuals overwhelmingly believe their feelings and behavior were the result of social environmental influence. Words are powerful spoken over a child from parents to our peers. The things we choose to believe about ourselves can be a result of hurtful comments. This belief system to those I have spoken with has also contributed to the belief of this must be where I belong.
Around the world diverse cultures have different styles of clothes. Man began to wear clothes originally to keep warm or cool, depending where in the world they lived. In the northern climes like Russia or northern Canada, there is a need for warmer clothes. Coats and pants made from animal skins, like seals, that are tanned or treated. Wool from furrier animals, like yaks, make softer clothes worn next to the skin, or woven for scarfs and hats. In the desert places, flowing loose garments are essential to allow the breezes to keep one cool. Head coverings are scarf like. In all cultures, you can tell the status of the wearer, by how much embellishment there is on the clothing. More colors and fancier embroidery would mean you might be looking at the head family of the tribe. The type of sewing and embroidery can be identified as being done in certain areas. I learned when we were in Norway that each small area or perhaps village had its own pattern and when people came together for dancing or celebrating an occasion, each knew where the other was from.
The Aryan Brotherhood, also known as the Brand, or the AB, is a neo-Nazi prison gang and organized crime syndicate in the United States with about 10,000 members in and out of prison.According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the gang makes up less than 0.1% of the prison population, but it is responsible for up to 20% of murders in the federal prison system.The AB has focused on the economic activities typical of organized crime entities, particularly drug trafficking, extortion, inmate prostitution, and murder-for-hire.Organization at lower levels varies from prison to prison. For example, in the Arizona prison system, members are known as "kindred" and organize into "families." A "council" controls the families. Kindred may recruit other members, known as "progeny", and serve as a mentor for the new recruits.The group has an alliance with La Eme (the Mexican Mafia) as the two are mutual enemies of Black Guerrilla Family.Like most prison gangs, Aryan Brotherhood members mark themselves with distinctive tattoos. Designs commonly include the words "Aryan Brotherhood", "AB"," 666, Nazi symbolism such as SS, sig runes, and swastikas, as well as shamrocks and Celtic iconography.[
Hip Hop is a universal subculture that promotes diversity across the world. Its the most popular genre of music in the United States. Hip Hop was introduced in 1979 by a group called Sugar Hill Gang. This form of music was known as Rap which became a popular way for teens and young adults to express themselves. In the late 80's rap became known for violence and negative language. Hip hop also taught teens to rebel against their parents and society. Decades later Hip Hop is still a strong influence in the young community. Rap today is largely focused on sex, drugs, and money. We also are going into an era where not all rap is negative Hip Hop as really evolved and has introduced some Christian rappers. One top known Christian Hip Hop artist today who expressing is love for Christ through rap is Lecrea. He is on the top charts right now for is song All I Need Is You. Hip Hop is not dead and will live forever , for artist like Lecrea that is turning a genre that has been known for years to be negative I think he will bring some positive to this culture.
Power distance, or the way the culture deals with inequalities. Hofstede (1997) defines power distance as “the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally” (p. 28). (Jandt; 2010 p-177). For example, in countries such as Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, people are expected to display respect for monks by greeting and taking leave of monks with ritualistic greetings, removing hats in the presence of a monk, dressing modestly, seating monks at a higher level, and using vocabulary that shows respect. (Jandt, 2010 p-177). I believed this type of cultural values that these countries displayed on a daily basis are harmful communication to their people. If these types of cultural value find its way into every country in the world it could lead to revolution. GOD made all people be treated equal, and it is not right for people to be put on a higher level than any other people. What a tragedy this could cause in the world if every country would adopt this type of culture. Maybe these countries do not know any better because their country foundation was not founding on the ways of GOD. Every day these countries are teaching their people that they are not equal to people with the power. The direction that the United States is heading we can also have a power situation; which is not good for a country that is built on equality for all people. The United States is becoming higher in power distance. In 1977, the top 1% had an after-tax income equal to the bottom 100 million. (Jandt, 2010 p-179).
Jandt, F. (2010). An introduction to intercultural communication: Identities in a global community, (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications
I have always been intrigued to know more about the Heavy Metal subculture. Enculturation in this subculture can definitely affect an individual's desires to be part of this group. Heavy metal performers or fans who pretend to be a part of this subculture are referred to as "posers." This reference is deemed as one of the worst titles in this subculture. This subculture is authentic and does not tolerate any other music. During enculturation, individuals learn to be closed minded to other genres, wear fashions from the 70s - 80s, and participate in rituals. These rituals consist of attending concerts, purchasing albums, and contributing to metal websites. When individuals attend these concerts it is imperative that they make the " Corna " ( hand-signal ) known has the " devil's horns. " [ Wikipedia, 2014]
My subcultural selection is the Bills which I had an interest in because they were young teenagers who went against political views as well as dressed in cowboy attire. Since I live in Texas, this is what caught my attention. Another thing that raised my eyebrows is that about a half dozen movie theaters opened in the African neighborhoods. It reminded me of today's times where poor education caused a large portion of unemployment. Meanwhile they chose their meeting place to be the movies. They were particularly drawn to the western style movies. There attire was that of westerners and they were named after their territories for example, if one gang hailed from Buffalo, they would be considered as Buffalo Bills, hence the name of the NFL football team, the Buffalo Bills.
Hippies or Hippy’s depending on how you wish to spell it was a countercultural movement. They were primarily against the excesses of middle-class America. Their choice of clothing was different and they lived in a lot of communal settings. Drugs such as LSD and marijuana were used as a means of expanding their consciousness. Sometimes they were called flower children.
ReplyDeleteThey were primarily dropouts from mainstream society. They wore their hair long, men wore beards and all wore beads with sandals. The movement started out on college campuses and spread out from there. The youth of America at that time were in rebellion against what they considered to be the grown-up establishment, their excesses and the war in Vietnam. Their motto was “make love not war.” Open sexual relationships and multiple partners was encouraged and accepted.
Mainstream American religion was not embraced but the mystical religious beliefs of the East were accepted and practiced.
I personally experienced the movement while I was stationed at Fort Ord, California. They demonstrated at the front gate there numerous times. I attended some of their public gatherings held in Monterrey, California at the city park in 1972. It was quite an experience for a young man from Oklahoma.
The Hippie movements spread rather fast across America as more and more of the country’s youth wished to be a part of it. Seems almost everyone wanted to rebel against something then whether it was clothing, hair, etc.
The enculturation of the youth in America started on college campuses, spread from there across America and into some countries of Europe.
The Goth subculture is a contemporary subculture found in many countries. It began in England during the early 1980’s. Goth subculture has lived longer than most subcultures. It was very poplar when I was in school many of my friends thought it was the rage.
ReplyDeleteThe goth subculture has associated tastes in music, aesthetics, and fashion. Goths have a tendency towards a lugubrious, mystical sound and outlook. Styles within the subculture range from deathrock to punk, androgynous, medieval. Some Renaissance and Victorian style clothes, or combinations of the above, most often with black attire, makeup and hair as well as chains and piercings.
Goths, in terms of their people in the subculture, are usually not supportive of violence, but rather tolerance. Many in the media have incorrectly associated the Goth subculture with violence, hatred of minorities, white supremacy, and other acts of hate. However, violence and hate do not form elements of goth ideology; rather, the ideology is formed in part by recognition, identification, and grief over societal and personal evils that the mainstream culture wishes to ignore or forget. Goths share generally an apolitical nature. Unlike the hippie or punk movements, the goth subculture has no pronounced political messages or cries for social activism. The subculture is marked by its emphasis on individualism, tolerance for diversity, a strong emphasis on creativity, tendency toward intellectualism, a dislike of social conservatism, and a mild tendency towards cynicism, but even these ideas are not universal to all goths. Goth ideology is based far more on aesthetics than ethics or politics.
Greasers were a subculture that originated in the 1950’s after World War II. The previous era before World War 2 was defined by conformity. Social identity was determined by what kind of house a person owned, what kind of car they drove, or what church they went to. The children of this generation grew weary of the conformity and sameness of the previous one, so they rebelled by forming a counter culture that developed its own style of music and dress code..
ReplyDeleteGreasers listened to rock and roll, wore leather jackets worn by pilots in World War II, white tee shirts, and combed their hair back by using hair wax, gel, or pomade. Famous musicians and popular icons in this subculture were Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Richie Valens, Marlon Brando and James Dean. The motorcycle outlaw image originated from the 1947 Hollister Riot in July of 1947.
4,000 motorcyclists gathered in Hollister, California to watch motorcycle races. Several motorcyclists were arrested due to being disorderly and they were arrested. Stories that were greatly exaggerated sprang up around the event, and subsequently motorcycles became popular as a direct result of the legends. Movies and television shows that portrayed the greaser icon were Rebel Without a Cause, Grease, and Happy Days.
The Emo subculture came from the music style of hardcore punk rock. It is short for "emotional" and has lyrics that are dark and confessional in nature. It was very popular when I was in middle and high school.
ReplyDeleteEmo music has been accused of glamorizing depression, self injury, and suicide. It has been blamed for the self injury of many teenagers and also for the suicide of a teenage girl who was a fan of the band My Chemical Romance. The "emo kids", as we called them, were usually introverted and sensitive kids who kept to their own groups.
The style of dress included tight fitting jeans, usually black or bright colors, and t-shirts. The boys often wore girl jeans so they would be tighter. They dyed their hair black, white, or other bright colors. Studded belts and bracelets were also a part of this style.
Emo music began to decrease in popularity in the late 2000s. Many band disbanded. Other bands went back to their roots of punk rock.
Bronies, a group of men ranging from the age of 18-35, have recently developed since the making of the show My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic. These men are fans of this children’s show, and they appreciate the deeper meaning of all the characters and the story lines. This subculture interests me because it is not every day that you find grown men sharing many interests with 4-10 year old girls.
ReplyDeletePerhaps they found an interest there because they enjoyed cartoons as a child and found something within the show that reminded them of how much they appreciated their imagination as a child. This fandom base may be built on the appreciation of horses in their early childhood, since the show is based on a group of ponies it makes since that, that could be part of the attraction to the group. Also, these Bronies may see something in the friendships between the characters in the show that reminds them of friendships they have had or currently have which would pull them into this very small and particular subculture.
There are many ways enculturation has affected the desire to be a part of the LGBT subculture. I can only address from the area that I have ministered in. The ministry I was involved in had an anonymous place to receive ministry if you had unwanted same sex attractions. The percentage of those with unwanted same sex attraction that had been awakened sexually at a young age by pornography, molestation or rape is high. There have been significant findings that childhood sexual experience predicted adult behavior. It’s difficult to address this area in the church. It can be equally difficult to discuss in families where the abuser is usually know or has given a threat to keep the secret. Most homosexuals overwhelmingly believe their feelings and behavior were the result of social environmental influence. Words are powerful spoken over a child from parents to our peers. The things we choose to believe about ourselves can be a result of hurtful comments. This belief system to those I have spoken with has also contributed to the belief of this must be where I belong.
ReplyDeleteAround the world diverse cultures have different styles of clothes. Man began to wear clothes originally to keep warm or cool, depending where in the world they lived. In the northern climes like Russia or northern Canada, there is a need for warmer clothes. Coats and pants made from animal skins, like seals, that are tanned or treated. Wool from furrier animals, like yaks, make softer clothes worn next to the skin, or woven for scarfs and hats. In the desert places, flowing loose garments are essential to allow the breezes to keep one cool. Head coverings are scarf like. In all cultures, you can tell the status of the wearer, by how much embellishment there is on the clothing. More colors and fancier embroidery would mean you might be looking at the head family of the tribe. The type of sewing and embroidery can be identified as being done in certain areas. I learned when we were in Norway that each small area or perhaps village had its own pattern and when people came together for dancing or celebrating an occasion, each knew where the other was from.
ReplyDeleteThe Aryan Brotherhood, also known as the Brand, or the AB, is a neo-Nazi prison gang and organized crime syndicate in the United States with about 10,000 members in and out of prison.According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the gang makes up less than 0.1% of the prison population, but it is responsible for up to 20% of murders in the federal prison system.The AB has focused on the economic activities typical of organized crime entities, particularly drug trafficking, extortion, inmate prostitution, and murder-for-hire.Organization at lower levels varies from prison to prison. For example, in the Arizona prison system, members are known as "kindred" and organize into "families." A "council" controls the families. Kindred may recruit other members, known as "progeny", and serve as a mentor for the new recruits.The group has an alliance with La Eme (the Mexican Mafia) as the two are mutual enemies of Black Guerrilla Family.Like most prison gangs, Aryan Brotherhood members mark themselves with distinctive tattoos. Designs commonly include the words "Aryan Brotherhood", "AB"," 666, Nazi symbolism such as SS, sig runes, and swastikas, as well as shamrocks and Celtic iconography.[
ReplyDeleteHip Hop is a universal subculture that promotes diversity across the world. Its the most popular genre of music in the United States. Hip Hop was introduced in 1979 by a group called Sugar Hill Gang. This form of music was known as Rap which became a popular way for teens and young adults to express themselves. In the late 80's rap became known for violence and negative language. Hip hop also taught teens to rebel against their parents and society. Decades later Hip Hop is still a strong influence in the young community. Rap today is largely focused on sex, drugs, and money. We also are going into an era where not all rap is negative Hip Hop as really evolved and has introduced some Christian rappers. One top known Christian Hip Hop artist today who expressing is love for Christ through rap is Lecrea. He is on the top charts right now for is song All I Need Is You. Hip Hop is not dead and will live forever , for artist like Lecrea that is turning a genre that has been known for years to be negative I think he will bring some positive to this culture.
ReplyDeletePower distance, or the way the culture deals with inequalities. Hofstede (1997) defines power distance as “the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally” (p. 28). (Jandt; 2010 p-177). For example, in countries such as Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, people are expected to display respect for monks by greeting and taking leave of monks with ritualistic greetings, removing hats in the presence of a monk, dressing modestly, seating monks at a higher level, and using vocabulary that shows respect. (Jandt, 2010 p-177). I believed this type of cultural values that these countries displayed on a daily basis are harmful communication to their people. If these types of cultural value find its way into every country in the world it could lead to revolution. GOD made all people be treated equal, and it is not right for people to be put on a higher level than any other people. What a tragedy this could cause in the world if every country would adopt this type of culture. Maybe these countries do not know any better because their country foundation was not founding on the ways of GOD. Every day these countries are teaching their people that they are not equal to people with the power. The direction that the United States is heading we can also have a power situation; which is not good for a country that is built on equality for all people. The United States is becoming higher in power distance. In 1977, the top 1% had an after-tax income equal to the bottom 100 million. (Jandt, 2010 p-179).
ReplyDeleteJandt, F. (2010). An introduction to intercultural communication: Identities in a global community, (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications
I have always been intrigued to know more about the Heavy Metal subculture. Enculturation in this subculture can definitely affect an individual's desires to be part of this group. Heavy metal performers or fans who pretend to be a part of this subculture are referred to as "posers." This reference is deemed as one of the worst titles in this subculture. This subculture is authentic and does not tolerate any other music. During enculturation, individuals learn to be closed minded to other genres, wear fashions from the 70s - 80s, and participate in rituals. These rituals consist of attending concerts, purchasing albums, and contributing to metal websites. When individuals attend these concerts it is imperative that they make the " Corna " ( hand-signal ) known has the " devil's horns. " [ Wikipedia, 2014]
ReplyDeleteMy subcultural selection is the Bills which I had an interest in because they were young teenagers who went against political views as well as dressed in cowboy attire. Since I live in Texas, this is what caught my attention. Another thing that raised my eyebrows is that about a half dozen movie theaters opened in the African neighborhoods. It reminded me of today's times where poor education caused a large portion of unemployment. Meanwhile they chose their meeting place to be the movies. They were particularly drawn to the western style movies. There attire was that of westerners and they were named after their territories for example, if one gang hailed from Buffalo, they would be considered as Buffalo Bills, hence the name of the NFL football team, the Buffalo Bills.
ReplyDelete